Ayn+Rand

= Ayn Rand =

// Who [[image:clip_image001.gif width="119" height="139" align="left" caption="Ayn Rand"]] is Ayn Rand? //
==== Ayn Rand was formerly known as “Алиса Зиновьевна Розенбаум” (Russian), a Russian- American philosopher, novelist playwright, and screenwriter. She was born on February 2nd, 1905 and died in March 6th, she is known for her two best-selling novels [|The Fountainhead] and [|Atlas Shrugged]. ====

==== Ayn Rand was born in a Jewish family living in [|St. Petersburg] on February 2, 1905. There were six members in her family, she was the eldest of the three daughters of Zinovy Zakharovich Rosenbaum and Anna Borisovna Rosenbaum. Ayn Rand's father was a successful pharmacist, eventually owning his own pharmacy and the building in which it was located. At the time of the [|Russian Revolution of 1917], Rand was twelve years old. Rand's family life was disrupted by the rise of the Bolshevik party under Vladimir Lenin. Her father's pharmacy was confiscated by the Bolsheviks, and the family fled to the Crimea, which was initially under the control of the White Army during the [|Russian Civil War]. She later recalled that while in high school she determined that she was an atheist. After graduating from high school in the Crimea, she was 16 years old, Rand returned with her family to Petrograd (the new name for St. Petersburg). ==== ==== After the Russian Revolution, universities were opened to women, including Jews, Rand allowed being in the first group of women to enroll at [|Petrograd State University], where she studied in the department of social pedagogy, majoring in history. By this time she had decided her professional surname for writing would be Rand, she adopted the first name Ayn, either from a Finnish name or from the Hebrew word עין (means "eye"). ====

[[image:clip_image002.jpg width="163" height="154" align="left" caption="the novel "We the Living""]]
==== Rand's first novel which is called the semi-autobiographical [|“We the Living”] was published in 1936. It focused on the struggle between the individual and the state and set in Soviet Russia,. In the beginning of the novel, Rand stated that “We the Living "was as near to an autobiography as she had ever write. It is not only an autobiography in the literal, but also in the intellectual sense. The background made the novel sell slow and the American publisher let it go out of print, although European editions continued to sell. After the success of her later novels, Rand was able to release a revised version in 1959 that has since sold over three million copies. ====

==== Her novel [|Anthem] was written during a break from the writing of her next major novel, “The Fountainhead”. Anthem tells how the main role "Equality" become a real individual. Ayn Rand shows the importance of being different from others in this novel. It was published in England in 1938, and published in America in 1946, which has sold more than 3.5 million copies. ====

// Later years //
==== Go through the 1960s and 1970s, Rand developed and promoted her Objectivist philosophy in her nonfiction works and by giving talks to students at institutions such as Yale University, Princeton University, Columbia University, Harvard University and MIT. She received an honorary doctorate from [|Lewis & Clark College] in 1963. She also began delivering annual lectures at the Ford Hall Forum, responding afterward in her famously spirited form to questions from the audience. Ayn Rand underwent surgery for lung cancer in 1974. Rand died on March 6, 1982, at her home in New York City, and was interred in the [|Kensico Cemetery, Valhalla, New York]. ====

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