Gallileo

Galileo Galilei （15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642 ）

Who is Galileo ?

" The father of modern [|observational astronomy]" " The father of modern [|physics]" " The father of science" " T he Father of Modern Science".



Galileo's title: Claim to fame： Galileo's Life:
 * 1) An Italian physicists, astronomers and philosopher, the forerunner of modern experimental science.
 * 2)  At that time, some people said, "Columbus discovered the new continent, Galileo discovered new universe"
 * 3)  And Stephen Hawking said, "Galileo, perhaps more than any other single person, was responsible for the birth of modern science."
 * 1) [|Kinematics]
 * 2) Motion of a pendulum
 * 3) [|Telescopic observational astronomy]
 * 4) [|Heliocentric]

15 February 1564, Galileo Galilei born in Italian Pisa, he was good at music and mathematics. In Galileo's childhood he has a special observation, he made his own mobile toys and machines. Because in 1572 years has a compulsory education, in Santa Maria monastery of learning he admitted to the Pisa University and followed his father's intend to study medicine. But he is not interested in medicine. By chance, he met his interesting mathematics and physics. In the winter of 1583 in Tuscan principality, there has a very clever court professor called Richie. In a ridges has a mathematics speech and let Galileo addicted to him. From then on, his interested in mathematics has greatly increased. Because of his mathematics, showed remarkable ability to understand the great logical thinking ability. Richie accept him as a disciple and guide him to read a lot of math books, especially the Archimedes and Euclid's work. This makes Galileo has quite achievement in mathematics, later he founded the natural science and great success.  Galileo Galilei’s Quotations “I mentally conceive of some movable projected on a horizontal plane all impediments being put aside. Now it is evident ... that the equable motion on this plane would be perpetual if the plane were of infinite extent; but if we assume it to be ended, and [situated] on high, the movable ..., driven to the end of the plane and going on further, adds on to its previous equable and indelible motion that downward tendency which it has from its own heaviness. Thus there emerges a certain motion, compounded from equable horizontal and from naturally accelerated downward [motion], which I call projection” "Infinities and indivisible transcend our finite understanding, the former on account of their magnitude, and the latter because of their smallness; imagine what they are when combined." And who can doubt that it will lead to the worst disorders when minds created free by God are compelled to submit slavishly to an outside will? When we are told to deny our senses and subject them to the whim of others? When people devoid of whatsoever competence are made judges over experts and are granted authority to treat them as they please? These are the novelties which are apt to bring about the ruin of commonwealths and the subversion of the state.
 * //Two New Sciences in// 1638
 * //Two New Sciences// 1638
 * Quoted in J R Newman, //the World of Mathematics// (New York 1956)

What is Kinematics? The formula of Kinematics: Distance (s) Velocity (v) acceleration (a) Time (t) This was one of significant work in the field of [|kinematics]. Galileo to prove parabolic is quadratic function of the image Identifying that the total distance covered is proportional to the square of the time. He also identified the parabola as the ideal trajectory for uniformly accelerated [|motion in a plane].
 * Motion Along a Straight Line
 * Motion in a Plane
 * 1) V=S/T
 * 2) V2=V1+at
 * 3) V2^2=V1^2+2as
 * 4) a=(V1+V2)/t

What is the motion of a pendulum?  When Galileo was eighteen, one time he went to Pisa church. He noticed the lamp of the church was hanging by the wind left and right in a regular swing. He found that the reciprocating motion of time always equal. So he studied the motion of a pendulum, realizing that a pendulum's swing is constant regardless of amplitude. He proposed a principle of inertia; it became the foundation of __ [|Newton's First Law of Motion]. __And he did a experiment that a certain length to the rope with a heavy load, to external forces and make it swings, it is no matter swing range is big or small and whether the object is light or heavy, every swing time are all the same. This is called "The Pendulum Theory ” So Galileo discovered that the time of the clock is equal and it called "Galileo clock ”.

What is [|Telescopic observational astronomy]? Galileo was the first one used this telescope to astronomical observations so get the name "Galilean telescope" <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 21.33px; vertical-align: baseline;">

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;">According to the "Scientific American" website reported that Italian astronomer and physicist, Galileo, he invented in 1609, it was the first astronomical telescope. He first observed the moon's highlands and ringed mountain cast shadows, and then found the sunspots also found Jupiter's four of the largest satellite. Since then, science and technology have won the great improvement. However, modern advanced telescope is on the previous developed on the basis.

What is [|Heliocentric?] The word "Helios" in Greek means "Sun." Heliocentric means that the sun is at the center. A heliocentric system is one in which the planets revolve around a fixed sun. Thus Mercury, Venus, the Earth, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn all revolve around the sun. The moon is the only celestial sphere in this system which revolves around the earth and together with it, around the sun.

Galileo and the Leaning Tower of Pisa

Galileo said” If there are two and a small stone falling from the top together, then according to people's experience of that era, it must be heavy before landing. If two stones tied together and let them fall down together. According to this experience, the weight of two stones are bigger than one stone, it will fall faster. A large stone had to be falling faster than smaller stone.

According to previous experience introduced two stones falling speed is not the same conclusion.

More Imformations about Galileo Galilei
 * http://www.gap-system.org/~history/Mathematicians/Galileo.html
 * @http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei
 * @http://inventors.about.com/od/gstartinventors/a/Galileo_Galilei.htm